Stratigic Plan for Public Health Organization Coursework

Stratigic Plan for Public Health Organization - Coursework Example STRATEGIC PLAN FOR LAKE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT Our Vision: Our vision is to promote and protect the health of Waukegan Illinois through assessment, policy development, and assurance. Our Mission statement: The mission of the Lake County Health Department is to promote and protect the health of Illinois residents through networking and collaborative actions that raise public awareness, build a constituency, and influences legislation and policies concerning public health issues affecting northern Illinois.   Our Values: We believe that services must be available without barriers. No resident should be turned away due to an inability to pay. We also believe in providing services in an environment of mutual respect, free of discrimination or any bias (Lakecountyil.gov, 2013). Our core competencies a) This department came into existence in 1956, established by referendum. Back then, it had a small bunch of people. However, today it boasts of over one-thousand professional assisting i n all aspects of health, with an approximate working budget of seventy-million US dollars. b) Of all the human service providers under the Lake County, we are the biggest, with a twelve member Health Board governing this department. c) Nationwide, we rank among the top six of all two-thousand, eight hundred and sixty four health departments at the local level. d) We are members under the Northern Illinois Public Health Consortium, an organization that serves the Chicago city and the Winnebago, Mchenry, Kendall, Lake, Kane, Cook, Dupage, and Will counties in terms of complex health matters. The Environmental Scan. An environmental scan is the systematic way of finding out and interpreting the external environment to know the trends and factors of change, and their likely impacts on an organization in the future. Economic aspects Increase or entry of new security risks will affect the ability to respond to emergencies. This will affect this department in that we may not respond to eme rgencies resulting from crime and health risks as we lack the training of responding to security risks. Global economic transformation on Health care due to advance in competition may find workers not adequately prepared for new work processes. Impacts of globalization of Health care owing to economic integration and liberalization of trade globally will mean that workers have to deal with more potentially dangerous diseases. Social/ demographic aspects High risk groups such as foreign workers, older and new workers will affect the workplace. This is because language and cultural barriers, lack of training as well as the work organization mean a possibility in increase of injuries or work blunders. The raising of the educational and general worker bar in qualifying as a health worker means injury rates will reduce because of better training and more workers that are competent. Aging of the American population will affect the workforce in that chronic injuries and illnesses may incre ase. In addition, older workers take longer to recover from such. Legal/ policy aspects Increase in the enforcement of health and safety regulations by the government means pushing towards greater compliance that will help in better competence and more output. Smoking ban in workplaces and public spaces means workers will no longer get exposure to

Who Am I Gender As A Social Construct, Not An Inherent Characteristic Essay

Who Am I Gender As A Social Construct, Not An Inherent Characteristic - Essay Example Sex is a physical, genetically based characteristic, visible through the sex organs. Gender is a social construct, created and utilized by society to place people in categories. This is clearly shown through Peter Levin's article "Gendering in the Market: Temporality, Work, and Gender on a National Futures Exchange." In Peter Levin's article, gender is proven to be a social construct and not an inherent aspect of self, and is hierarchically organized within the society." There are few places in America that are more gendered than the Stock exchange and trading floors. Over 90% of all trade floor workers are male, and according to Levin, "are highly heterosexual, hyper-rational, and based on the ideals of domination, aggression, and competition" (Levin 4). Levin creates the model to explain the environment, and how the environment changes to create gender. In an environment that is traditionally thought to emulate one gender or another, such as the trade floor, the discrepancies become clearer. For women to act on the trade floor successfully, they would have to overcome their gender, which, were it a genetic construct, and not a social construct, would be impossible. Yet, when the trade floor is busy, women are considered to be equally successful to men.

Medical Group Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Medical Group Analysis - Essay Example Different points of view of each group contribute to establish a level on which each group functions or does not function, and to see how interaction in the group and interaction of that group with the society has an influence in the efficiency of medical care. The importance of each group can be observed through close analysis of its interaction with society and itself. Therefore, two important aspects can be differentiated. The micro-level interaction in the groups explains the working conditions, while at a macro level it explains their purpose in society and the potentials and problems of globalization. Although modern nursing was created a little more than a hundred years ago, mostly by the enormous contribution of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War, the foundations of nursing were laid many centuries before the publication of the first nursing guidelines. Nursing and its formation as a science is closely related to and must be placed within a sociological perspective; the desire to help the sick and injured is a continuing sociological phenomena, dating back to the formation of the first civilizations. A fine example is the effort of nuns and other clergy during the middle ages, which essentially performed the duties of modern nurses. Society and science may have changed over the ages, but the necessity for a specific medical group that cares, both for the physical and psychological well-being, of the sick is always present. The 1.3 million registered nurses working in hospitals in the United States, and the ever growing demand is a natural results of the necessity of nu rses (Steinbrook, 2002). Much research is done into the micro-level interaction of nurses and nursing groups in hospitals in order to determine the effectives of the latter. Most of the research was performed through participation observation, and according to one research, it was determined that the hours of nursing care provided by registered nurses is proportional with better care for hospitalized patients (Steinbrook, 2002). Also, the larger number of registered-nurse-hours per day or licensed-nurse-hours per day is associated with a lower rate of failure to rescue critical patients. Studies have also reported a correlation between higher levels of staffing by nurses and lower mortality and lower rates of other outcomes. According to another research, however, conducted amongst surgical patients, no evidence was found of an association between in-hospital mortality and the proportion of registered-nurse-hours, leading to the conclusion that mortality is not connected with good care of nurses but with oth er health care group. If we observe two different hospitals, where we can determine the symbolic interaction between different nursing groups, we are supposed to consider other unmeasured factors with higher levels of staffing by registered nurses or other unmeasured characteristics of the hospitals' nursing work force. The level of staffing by nurses is an incomplete measure of the quality of nursing care in hospitals. Other factors, such as effective communication between nurses and physicians and a positive work environment, have been found to influence patients' outcomes. The outcomes for which we found

The Negative Impacts of Cybercrime on Business and Society Research Paper

The Negative Impacts of Cybercrime on Business and Society - Research Paper Example Computer crime (commonly referred to as cybercrime) is a reference to any type of criminal activity that involves the use of a computer or an internal/external network. This type of activity has been increasing at alarming rates over the past few decades, to the point that seemingly no one is immune from becoming a victim. Cybercrime can take on many shapes and forms. It can begin as something seemingly harmless, and rise to one of the gravest threats to personal and national security that exists today. It is also a troubling trend that the majority of the perpetrators of such crimes appear be young people under the age of 26. They often justify their actions initially as harmless hacking just for fun, but they quickly realize that their actions could prove to be quite lucrative. The harm done to victims of cybercrime, however, are immense. It is important to note that cybercrime does not only involve a financial element. There are crimes being committed that involve spam, harassment, threats, child pornography, and child endangerment just to name a few. Moreover, Cyber threats are becoming a dominant and challenging factor for organizations, as it leverages many risks that are constantly changing as cyber-crime spread by a number of peoples acting independently and having their own varied self-interest (Hardin, 1968), every now and then, there are new security breaches resulting in stolen credit card records, stolen personal information and losses in terms of customer confidence, as well as revenue. NO matter how advanced the security controls are, still incidents and security breaches are on the rise. Relevance and Significance The security of networks and computers globally has been called into question in recent years. Globalization has increased the presence the cyber criminals, compounding efforts to truly secure and maintain reliable networks that can be trusted. Even the most secure of networks, be them owned and operated by government or private individuals, have been hacked into from time to time, leading one to wonder if t rue security is even possible (Kirschner, Buckingham, & Carr, 2002). These problems become relevant because the job of maintaining network security has fallen on individual companies, reducing their ability to expand as rapidly and profitably as possible. This is the result of the reality that the insecurity of their networks has become a primary concern (Layton, 2007). Rather than devoting more resources to research and development, for example, many agencies are need to reallocate resources for combating the increasing prevalence of cybercrime. Current research alludes that, in the face of growing concerns with cybercrime, and with the lack of true network society, individuals are becoming more and more hesitant to use networks to conduct commerce and financial transactions (Peltier, 2001). While it is true that Internet usage is up, trust in conducting electronic transactions is going down. Should this continue, the rapid globalization that we have experienced to this point will likely be compromised (Hung, Chang, & Yu, 2006). To further examine the relevance of this problem, it is helpful to briefly touch on the various types of

What I've learned from men by Barbara ehrenreich Essay

What I've learned from men by Barbara ehrenreich - Essay Example I don’t agree when she said that we may be able to learn from men what to do with anger (227), as women have long since learned to express anger in a civilized way, positively producing the desired effect, making men realize that women are able to stand for themselves. That does not lessen them as women. Instead it makes them women with substance. Women can be very aggressive but not rude, acknowledging their talents, abilities, skills and success with humility. Expressing oneself nicely rather than looking and waiting for a fight, makes a person better understood and listened to. Women today acknowledge that having education, firm character, belief in oneself and humility, do not make them less of a woman, but rather leads to essentially being a lady. For me being ladylike empowers a woman in getting what she wants. I believe that how you act and treat others determines how others act and treat you. Ehrenreich, Barbara. â€Å"What I’ve Learned From Men† From Idea to Essay 2009: A Rhetoric, Reader, and Handbook. McCuen-Metherell, J.R. and Winkler, A. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2009. 224-227. Google Books. Web. 5 March

Analysis of “High Court Curbs Claim on Privacy in a Home Essay Example for Free

Analysis of â€Å"High Court Curbs Claim on Privacy in a Home Essay The article â€Å"High Court Curbs Claim on Privacy in a Home,† by Linda Greenhouse was a New York Times article about a Supreme Court case. The legal issue that the Supreme Court examined was a case where the court overturned a 1997 Minnesota Supreme Court ruling. The Minnesota ruling protected the rights of men doing business in a private home from illegal searches and seizures. The Supreme Court however overturned the Minnesota ruling, stating that people who were doing business in a home did not have the right to invoke their 4th Amendment right. The Supreme Court voted 5 to 4 in the case, which led to majority, dissenting, and concurring opinions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, Justices Clarence Thomas, Sandra Day O’Connor, Anthony M. Kennedy, and Antonin Scalia all formed the majority opinion, with Justice Scalia and Justice Thomas forming concurring opinions. Chief Justice Rehnquist’s majority opinion was used in the article, in which Rehnquist argued that since the men in the Minnesota case were conducting business in a private home their 4th amendment right against unreasonable searchers and privacy could not be invoked. Rehnquist’s opinion was a strict construction of the constitution because his opinion reflected the intention of the original framers. Philosophically Rehnquist stuck to the original framers’ intentions because he found no fault in the officer’s actions who witnessed the men committing a crime through venetian blinds. Rehnquist argued that the officer was within his rights to watch and subsequently arrest the men because they had no rights to privacy, which was the goal of the original framers of the constitution because they did not grant any protections to invited guests in a person’s home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Disagreeing with the majority, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Justice Stephen G. Breyer both had dissenting opinions. Justice Ginsburg’s dissenting opinion was a loose construction of the constitution. Ginsburg’s philosophical view in the case was that the majority overlooked the rights of the invited guests because although they did not live in the home guests still had a right to privacy. However, the framers of the constitution gave no such protections. The 4th amendment states that it protects the right of the people to be secure in their person, houses, paper and effects, it made no mention of invited guest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Justice Breyer also had a dissenting opinion, but he also agreed with part of the majority’s reasoning. Breyer’s opinion was both a loose and strict construction of the constitution because on one hand he believed that the Minnesota men were protected by the 4th amendment’s privacy right. While on the other hand he agreed with the majority and argued that the officer’s actions did not violate any 4th amendment rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, Justices Scalia, Thomas, and Kennedy all had concurring opinions. Kennedy’s views differed from Scalia and Thomas’s opinions and he took a loose construction of the constitution. Philosophically Kennedy believed that social guest have a right to expect privacy while visiting a person’s home, which is a loose construction of the constitution because the constitution’s framers make no mention of a guest’s right to privacy. On the other hand Scalia and Thomas took strict constructions of the constitution. Scalia and Thomas believed that the right of the people to be secure in their person, houses, paper and effects, as stated in the 4th amendment did not include the right’s of visitors in someone’s home, thus they stuck to the literal interpretation the constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the Justices came to different reasoning and judgments in this case, the court ultimately made the correct decision and the Justices all made logical arguments. Reference: Greenhouse, Linda. â€Å"High Court Curbs Claim on Privacy in a Home. New York Times Archives 2 December 1998.   http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A07E1DB143BF931A35751C1A96E958260

Measuring Processes of Pipelining

Measuring Processes of Pipelining Sakshi Dua Abstract Discuss the method to measure the performance of pipelining. Give a space-time diagram for visualizing the pipeline behavior for a four-stage pipeline. Also discuss some way to control a pipeline for collision free operations. Introduction Pipelining: A pipelining is a series of stages ,where some work is done at each stage .The work is not finished until it has passed through all stages.It is a technique used in advanced microprocessors where the microprocessor begin executing a second instruction before the first has been completed Three performance measures pipeline are provided:- Speed-up S(n) Throughput U(n) Efficiency E(n) . Speedup S(n):- Consider the execution of m tasks (instructions) using n-stages (units) pipeline. n+m-1 time units are required to complete m tasks. it is assumed that the unit time T = t units. Speed-up S(n) = Time using sequential processing - Time using pipeline processing = m * n * t (n + m 1)* t = m * n n + m -1 Lim S(n) = n m→∞ i.e. n fold increase in speed is theoretically possible. Throughtput T(n):- Throughtput U(n)= # of task executed per unit time = m - (n + m 1)* t Lim U(n) = 1 m→∞ Efficiency E(n):- Efficiency E(n) = Ratio of the actual speed-up to maximum speed-up = speed-up - n = m n + m -1 Lim E(n) = 1 m→∞ Space Time Diagram For Four Stage Pipeline The behavior of pipeline can be illustrated with space time diagram that the segment or stage utilization as a function of time .The horizontal axis displays the time in clock cycles and the vertical axis gives the segment number.The Diagram shows 6 tasks T1 through T6 executed in 4 segments. Task T1 is handled by segment 1.after the first clock,segment 2 is busy with T1,while segment is busy with task T2.Continuing in this manner,the first task T1 is completed after the fourth clock cycle.From then on,the pipe completes a task every clock cycle. clock I/p s S1 R1 S2 R2 S3 R3 S4 R4 DIAGRAM: FOUR STAGE PIPELINE clock Stage:1 2 3 4 SPACE TIME DIAGRAM FOR PIPELINE For example:- Consider the case where n- stages pipeline with a clock cycle time tp is used to execute m tasks. The first task t1 requires a time equal to ntp to complete its operation since there are n stages in the pipe. The remaining m-1 task emerge from the pipe at the rate of one task per clock cycle and they will be completed after a time equal to (m-1)tp. Therefore, to complete m tasks using a n-stages pipeline requires n+(m-1) clock cycles. For eg. Above diagram shows four stages and 6 tasks. The time required to complete all the operations is 4+(6-1)=9 clock cycles. Consider a non pipeline unit that performs the same operation and takes a time equal to tn to complete each task. The total time required m tasks is mtn. The speedup of a pipeline processing over a equivalent non pipeline processing is defined by the ratio S(n)= mtn (n+m-1)tp As the no. Of tasks increases , m becomes much larger than m-1 and n+m-1 approaches the value of m. Under the condition , the speedup becomes S(n)= tn tp Assume that the time it takes to process a task is the same in the pipeline and non pipeline circuits, we will have tn = ntp including this assumption, the speedup reduces to S(n)= ntp = N tp This shows that the theoretical max. Speedup that a pipeline can provide is n,where n is the no. Of stagessegments in the pipeline. To clarify the meaning of the speedup ratio, let the time it takes to process a suboperation in each segment be equal to tp=20 ns Assume that the pipeline has n stages and executes n =100 tasks in sequence. The pipeline system will take (n+m-1)tp =(4+99)*20 =2060 ns to complete. Assuming that tn=mtp 4*20=80 ns, A non pipeline system requires mntp=100*80=8000 ns to complete the 100 taks. The speedup ratio is equal to the 8000/2060=3.88. As the no. Of tasks increases,the speedup will approach 4, which is equal to the no. Of stages in the pipeline. If assume that tn=60 ns, the speedup becomes 60/20=3. Some way to control a pipeline for collision free operations To avoid the collision in data dependency operation are: Hardware Interlocks It is an interlock circuit that detects instructions whose source operands are destinations of instructions farther up in the pipeline. Detection of the situation causes the instruction whose source is not available to be delayed by enough clock cycles to resolve the collision. This way the program maintains the sequence by using hardware to insert the required delays. Operand Forwarding It uses special hardware to detect a collision and then avoid it by routing the data through special paths between pipeline stages. This method requires additional hardware paths through multiplexers as well as the circuit that detects the collision. Delayed Load It solves the data collision problem to the compiler that translates the high level language into a machine language program. The compiler for such computers is designed to detect a data collision and reorder the instructions as necessary to delay the loading of the collisioned data by inserting no-operation instructions. This way is referred to as delayed load. To avoid the collision in branch instructions operations are: Prefetch Target Instruction This is used to handling a conditional branch is to prefetch the target instruction in the additional to the instruction following branch. Bath are saved until the branch is executed. If the branch condition is successful, the pipeline continues from the branch target instruction. An extension the procedure is to continue fetching instructions from both places until the branch decision is of the correct program flow. Branch Target Buffer The BTB is an associative memory included in the fetch segment of the pipeline. Each entry in the BTB consists of the address of a previously executed branch instruction and the target instruction for that branch. It stores the new few instructions after the associative memory BTB for the address of the instruction . If it is in the BTB,the instruction is available directly and prefetch continues from the new path. If the instruction is not in the BTB, the pipeline shifts to a new instruction stream and stores the target instruction in the BTB. Advantage is that branch instruction occurred previously are readily available in the pipeline without interruption. Load Buffer A Variation of the BTB is the load buffer. This is a small very high speed register file maintained by instruction fetch segment of the pipeline. When a program loop is detected in the program, it is stored in the loop buffer in its entirely, including all branches. The program loop can be executed directly without having to access memory until he loop mode is removed by final branching out. Branch Prediction A pipeline with branch prediction uses some additional logic to guess he outcome of a conditional branch instruction before it is executed . The pipeline then begins refetching the instruction stream from the predicted path. A correct prediction eliminates the wasted time caused by branch penalties. Delayed Branch This is the way to employed in RICS processors is the delayed branch. In the procedure, the compiler detects the branch instruction and instruction hat keep the pipeline operating without interruptions. An example of delayed branch is the insertion of a no operation instruction after a branch instruction . This causes the computer to fetch the target instruction during the execution of the no-operation instruction ,allowing a continuous flow of the pipeline.