History Atomic Bomb Essay - 3526 Words

In early August 1945 atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These two bombs quickly yielded the surrender of Japan and the end of American involvement in World War II. By 1946 the two bombs caused the death of perhaps as many as 240,000 Japanese citizens1. The popular, or traditional, view that dominated the 1950s and 60s Ââ€" put forth by President Harry Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson Ââ€" was that the dropping of the bomb was a diplomatic maneuver aimed at intimating and gaining the upper hand in relations with Russia. Today, fifty-four years after the two bombings, with the advantage of historical hindsight and the advantage of new evidence, a third view, free of obscuring bias and passion,†¦show more content†¦Trumans monumental decision to drop these bombs was born out of the complex background discussed above. Pressure to drop the bomb stemmed from three major categories: military, domestic and diplomatic. The mil itary pressures stemmed from discussion and meetings Truman had with Secretary of War Stimson, army chief of Staff General Marshal Chief of Staff, Admiral William Leahy, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal and others. On June 18th, 1945, general Marshall and Secretary of War Stimson convinced Truman to set an invasion of the island of Kyushu for November 19457. Truman knew of the ferocious fighting currently taking place in the Pacific, and naturally had a desire to minimize what the ferocious fighting currently taking place in the Pacific, and naturally had a desire to minimize what he fled would inevitably be a long, bloody struggle8. In an article written to Harpers magazine two years after the dropping of the bombs. Stimson wrote that the, Allies would be faced with the enormous task of destroying an armed force of five million and five thousand suicide aircraft, belonging to a race that had already amply demonstrated its ability to fight literally to the death. 9 Stimson, Truman and others believed the invasion of the Japanese mainland would be extremely costly, and therefore embraced the bomb as a military weapon whose use fully condoned the never questioned. Trumans feelings that the bomb was a necessary military weapon can be seen inShow MoreRelated History Atomic Bomb Essay3454 Words   |  14 Pages In early August 1945 atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These two bombs quickly yielded the surrender of Japan and the end of American involvement in World War II. By 1946 the two bombs caused the death of perhaps as many as 240,000 Japanese citizens1. The popular, or traditional, view that dominated the 1950s and 60s – put forth by President Harry Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson – was that the dropping of the bomb was a diplomatic maneuver aimedRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Essay1734 Words   |  7 PagesPeter Lim History 435 4/30/2015 The dropping of the atomic bomb was used to save American lives; the most common excuse as to why President Harry Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. In Major Problems in the History of World War II it has been discussed in the chapter The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II that former President Truman recalled how he learned about the atomic bomb project as well as the public opinion on the Atomic Bomb. I believe that the solution that TrumanRead Morecritical evaluation Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Evaluation Essay: A Petition to the President of the United States The atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan in 1945 were not seen as a logical reaction to the war by everyone. Leo Szilard was a Hungarian physicist that was the first to conceive of the mechanics of the atomic bomb, and how it worked. He was fighting the use of these bombs on Japan, and trying to urge the President to reconsider the idea. Although he lost the argument over whether to use the bombs, his argument was validRead MoreWhy the Atomic Bomb Was the Wrong Choice Essay example1340 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II played host to some of the most gruesome and largest mass killings in history. From the start of the war in 1939 until the end of the war in 1945 there were three mass killings, by three big countries on those who they thought were lesser peoples. The rape of Nanking, which was carried out by the Japanese, resulted in the deaths of 150,000 to 200,000 Chinese civilians and POW. A more well-known event was of the Germans and the Holocaust. Hitler and the Nazi regime persecuted and killedRead More The Atomic Bomb Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages it will be discussed why the Atomic Bomb is the biggest method of destruction known to man. The paper will be discussing the results of the Atomic Bombs, along with the effects years after the initial explosion. People always wonder how many people actually died in the two Atomic Bombs which were dropped in Japan. This question will be answered, along with the method that citizens were actually killed by the bomb. Besides the initial blast winds that an Atomic Bomb gives off, people may be killedRead MoreWas the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki the only way to put an end to World War 2?716 Words   |  3 Pagesjustifiable, there are many that would agree the USA’s actions were justifiable in dropping the â€Å"atom bomb† in the case where the relentlessness of the Japanese was too much for the USA, the USA were running out of supplies being that they were running out of ammunition, medical supplies for first aid, funds and most importantly for a war troops. Either way it was not right to just drop the â€Å"atom bomb† on a country in order to get them to get them (Japanese) to withdraw from the war (WWII). The sameRead MorePresident Truman and the First Atomic Bomb Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesAtomic Bomb Essay In 1945, World War Two was coming to an end. Following Adolf Hitler’s suicide, and Nazi Germany’s unconditional surrender on May 7, 1945, the war in Europe was finally over. The allies began began postwar planning for future, as well as establishment of post-war order and peace treaties issues. America’s war wasn’t done yet as they were still fighting Japan, eventually pushing them back to their main islandRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1074 Words   |  5 Pageswhich WWII could have ended. Rather than taking the risk of dropping atomic bombs on Japan, many people believe that one of the alternative options would have been much more sensible. The variety of possible options the U.S. could have taken to finish the war have been analyzed for years. Though Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most controversial and debated topics in history, this researcher believes that he made the right choice. This researcher’sRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki982 Words   |  4 PagesHiroshima, it only makes me wonder what was going through the mind of President Harry Truman when he gave the â€Å"green light† to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It has been more than 70 years since that happened and the conclusion of World War II, and yet the legacy remains in our modern day history books and class lectures. But was deploying the atomic bombs on Japan really necessary? What was Truman thinking? And did the end really justify the means? Truly, upon reading Takaki’s HiroshimaRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb1470 Words   |  6 Pagesover 70 years since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they remain controversial as conscientious struggle with the ethics of using such weaponry in the course of armed conflict. President Truman had a number of options apart from the atomic bomb. He could have left the invasion of Japan to the Russians, whom wanted revenge for the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, as well as the more recent conflict in Manchuria (Goldman, 2012). The dropping of the atomic bombs must have shocked many who

Global Advertising Essay - 1724 Words

The term ‘global’ brings implications of a sense of ‘togetherness’, global advertising therefore suggests marketing to the world as a sole unit. The pioneer of global marketing was Theodore Levitt, ‘he insisted that companies should start thinking themselves as global rather than multinational’ (Barnet, 1994: 168). ‘The global corporation treats the entire world as if it were a single entity and sells the same things in the same way everywhere’ (Leiss, Kline, Hally, 1997: 171). However this generates question over the possibility of the success in ‘global’ advertising in a world of individual consumers. In a society where we are bombarded with over three thousand advertisements per day it is self evident how the advertising industry have†¦show more content†¦In terms of the relationship between globalization and advertising, Myers (1999) presents two perspectives firstly globalization as imagery and globalizat ion as marketing strategy. According to Myers, globalization as imagery upholds the collection of images, rhetoric, and discourse; this is particularly significant in manifesting the values and meanings that are received by the consumer. In this case the globe as a place, as a value and in creating a sense of ‘the global’, again the continuing importance of unity and community. This is also achieved through the image of a quality product, for example companies want to have a global impression as a sign that it is recognised around the world. The reception of global images is mediated by local culture so there is the imagery of global goods with local meanings, contradiction the notion of ‘global’ advertising. The second perspective is more focused on the business aspect, globalization as marketing strategy. This perspective looks at the pressures towards globalization, besides specific products, global advertising also sells global brands, the rise of globa l media (Internet) and global advertising networks supporting what advertising associates with the ‘global’. These advertising images are additionally exporting values and meanings raising concerns over the built in contradictions. Global consciousness is obligatory within the values and meanings thatShow MoreRelatedAdvertising And The Global Epidemic Of False Advertising854 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision, magazines, phones, and Internet all contribute to the global epidemic of false advertising. Millions of Americans have a television or the most current news in there home, which contributes to society always wanting to be someone their not. On the contrary it is a great way to spread important news but consequently ads are showing the reality of how to promote stereotypes or have products we don’t need. As a consumer we get bombarded with ads for different services or products that justRead MoreHow Effective Global Advertising1084 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: This paper focuses on how effective global advertisements with respect to cultural effects in India. In other words, the purpose of the paper is to find out whether a global advertisement will be effective; is it affected by culture, region especially in India. Global Marketing is the strategy used to increase sales and profit of a brand in international marketing through single message (Reference, 2016). In recent times, Global markets have increased significantly. In past few yearsRead MoreGlobal Spirits Brands Localizing Advertising Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesWhy are Diageo, Pernod Ricard, and other marketers of global spirits brands localizing advertising campaigns in emerging markets? By localizing specific target markets, marketers are able to make more of an impact on several groups of specific markets than they would have if they had simply stayed with a general advertisement for a global brand. We have seen this in many major companies before. For example, Louis Vuitton would record one commercial and then change the voice over or text to be inRead MoreA Short Note On Global Advertising Campaign2747 Words   |  11 Pages AMN 421: Contemporary issues in advertising Research paper Thi Thu Ha Nguyen- N9059393 20 October 2014 â€Æ' STANDARDISATION VESUS LOCALISATION IN GLOBAL ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN 1. Abstract: Standardised advertising seeks to maintain a consistent product image with a uniform message, and capitalises on the scale economy by adopting the same advertising message across markets. It works well for market segments to reach production and marketing goals in term of size. It is greater to standardiseRead MoreGoing Global: Advertising in the 21st Century2823 Words   |  12 PagesGoing Global: Advertising In The 21st Century Jeromy J. Clark 06/14/2011 In order to remain effective, the advertising industry has to adapt to changes and trends in society. Because of this, the general pattern of advertising plans will appear to essentially mirror their target market, or a specific group of people in that society, from the picket-signs of years ago to the high-tech advertisements of the 21st century. There are a number of factors that come into play, each affecting the otherRead MoreGlobal Online Advertising : Relevant Industry1512 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Online Advertising – Relevant Industry In 1998, Google, Inc. surfaced online and has gradually gained a dominant role in the global online advertising industry to fuel expansion. The global online advertising industry includes social media advertising, search advertising, mobile advertising, and display and web banner advertising. According to eMarketer, Google’s products have allowed it to maintain above 30% revenue growth in 2014 for worldwide digital advertising (2014). Today, Google,Read MoreEssay about Advertising Messages to the Global Society 1837 Words   |  8 PagesAdvertising and its existence in today’s society has made a huge transition over the years. With the move from an industrial to consumer society, advertising is ever present in selling goods that we claim to ‘need’ and ‘want’. This essay will explore how advertising and the messages they convey are related with the global society. Firstly it is important to explore the concept of advertising and its link with the consumer culture we live in today. Advertising is greatly linked with the growth ofRead MoreGlobal Advertising764 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal Advertising Advertising on a global scale is much more complex than advertising with a more local agenda (Kotabe Helsen, 2004; Young, 2005). From one country or culture to the next, what is acceptable and desirable can quickly change (Levitt, 1983). That is not only true of the products or services being sold, but also true of the way those products or services are represented and offered to the public. Even something as simple as the slogan of a product must be carefully considered, becauseRead MoreGlobal Advertising, Inc.2019 Words   |  9 Pages Lancelot Wedderburn CMIT 371 (7980) 12/11/16 Advance server proposal Background Global Advertising, Inc. (referred to as â€Å"GAI†) has hired you as an IT consultant for their Windows network services infrastructure. GAI is a new advertising firm, and they have hired staff, are established in two locations, and have a need to get their internal IT services configured. They have an IT staff, but they do not have the in-house expertise to address their currentRead MoreGlobal Marketing And Advertising Research Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesMy name is Nimit shah, consultant with Standard cocoa industries, Limited, a privately owned global marketing and advertising research company headquartered in Raleigh, NC,USA with Subsidiaries on three continents. The company is actively engaged in Europe, South Asia, south America Standard cocoa industries is one of the world’s leading companies who provides marketing information and going to provide solution for any kind of problem relating chocolate products and its machine. Clients include

The Spread of Nuclear Weapons free essay sample

This book is structured as a debate between the authors on the subject of nuclear proliferation. Waltz â€Å"argues that because nuclear weapons ‘will never the less spread,’ the end result will be stabilizing. His main point is that ‘nuclear weapons make wars hard to start’ and that even radical states will act like rational ones because of the mutually deterrent effort of nuclear weapons. Sagan . . . fears the worst because of ‘inherent limits in organizational reliability. He contends that the parochial interests of professional military leaders in emerging nuclear states, who will tend to see war as ‘inevitable’ and skeptically view any nonmilitary alternatives, will lead to deterrence failures or accidental war. In addition, Sagan argues these states will probably lack ‘positive mechanisms of civilian control’ to restrain militant tendencies. † Because nuclear weapons are so much more powerful than any armaments previously known, their introduction at the end of World War II required a rethinking of strategic principles. State A seeks to prevent state B from attacking, by threatening to respond forcefully to attack and inflicting retribution on B. If B takes the threat seriously and refrains from attacking, A’s deterrence policy has succeeded. Nuclear weapons lend themselves particularly well to deterrence because they can impose tremendous damage on an enemy. Deterrence thus became the principal–indeed, they have argued, the purpose that nuclear weapons serve. In my opinion, Sagan is right. We should worry about the spread of nuclear weapons. Both the United States and the USSR achieved an assured destruction capacity by the 1960s. As a result, Waltz believed that all the countries should have nuclear weapons. No matter who start the war, the world will be destroyed. Why not add more members to join the club? She said that spread rather than proliferation. Someday the world will be populated by fifteen or eighteen nuclear-weapon states. What the further spread of nuclear weapons will do the world is therefore a compelling question. According to the Times Newspaper, The United States secretly deployed thousands of nuclear weapons in 27 countries at the height of the Cold War, in some cases without even the knowledge of the governments involved. 1 This issue remained me that Waltz s point: It is better to have more countries that own the nuclear weapons than just few powerful countries. However, Waltz s point of view is not a major thought of the issue of nuclear weapon. Almost the entire southern hemisphere is now covered by nuclear-weapon-free zones. The ones in Latin America and the South Pacific were established during the Cold War, those in Southeast Asia and Africa after its ending. Zones have also been proposed, so far without success, for the Middle East, South Asia and Northeast Asia. 2 In fact, the nuclear power is extremely diseqilibrium in the world, and I believe it is almost impossible for most of the countries to have nuclear power. In a large-scale nuclear war, each side would suffer such catastrophic destruction that neither could regard the outcome as a victory. To provide any chance for meaningful victory, a nuclear war would therefore have to be severely limited. But the prospects for controlling a nuclear war are at best uncertain. â€Å"Despite a steep draw down in U. S. and Russian nuclear forces in the years after 1991, both the United States and Russia continue to maintain large arsenals of strategic nuclear weapons poised for immediate launch. Under the most optimistic projections, these arsenals will remain large and launch-ready for decades. This is the point that Sagan talked about. More nuclear weapons will only product more damage. It is very difficult to control those destructive weapons. As a practical matter the task of defense against large-scale nuclear attack is difficult, perhaps impossible, when each side has thousands of weapons that can be launched from different directions, at different speeds, and with decoys to confuse the defense. To stop all of them is unlikely, and, if only one penetrated a defensive system, it could cause catastrophic damage. In United States, public boredom with the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which would prohibit all nuclear test explosions worldwide, is depressing but comprehensible. After all, the cold war is over. The problem is that Senate Republicans don’t recognize that fact, and they are playing with fire in the messy new 21st-century world. The debate over the treaty, first proposed by President Eisenhower and signed in 1996, tells us plenty about the rejection of the whole idea of diplomacy in favor of a new, highly partisan obtuseness in American foreign policy. 4 The U. S. Senate’s recent rejection of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) was a huge disappointment to many Americans. The U. S. ’s allies and friends responded to this vote with universal shock. The situation in the U. S. seems worse, even the cold war is over. Several times in recent months in Russian, President Boris Yeltsin and other Russian leaders have warned about the dangers of a world war or reminded Washington that Moscow still has a huge nuclear arsenal. The warnings have accompanied recent disputes over Chechnya, Kosovo and Iraq. Despite regular disagreements, U. S. and Russian officials want to maintain their stable, if sometimes acrimonious relations. Russian and U. S. not only compete to each other and maintain their stable but also prevent other countries to develop nuclear weapons. For example, nuclear physicist Wen Ho Lee, a central figure in the government’s Chinese espionage investigation at Los Alamos National Laboratory, was ar rested yesterday in New Mexico and charged with 59 counts of mishandling classified information and violating secrecy provisions of the Atomic Energy Act. His arrest came after a federal grand jury issued a far-reaching indictment that charged Lee with downloading vast quantities of highly sensitive information related to the design, construction and testing of nuclear weapons from a classified computing network at Los Alamos to his unsecured office computer and to 10 portable tapes, seven of which are missing. 6 The case is being prosecuted because Wen Ho Lee has denied the United States its exclusive dominion and control over some of this nation’s most sensitive nuclear secrets. In Asia the CTBT would make it harder for North Korea to advance a nuclear-weapons program or for China to develop the technology required to place multiple warheads atop a single mobile missile. The congressional committee investigating potential Chinese espionage concluded that it would be more difficult for Beijing to exploit secrets it may have acquired from the U. S. if it can’t conduct nuclear tests. By the way, this situation is what Sagan wrote about: the powerful countries with nuclear weapons will try to control forever, and this should be obstructed. While the U. S. military provides an overwhelming deterrent to any rational adversary, we must also worry about how to deal with potential threats from sources that are not rational. And it is against these dangers that the Administration is developing and testing a limited NMD system, with a decision on deployment possible as early as next summer. This decision will be based on our overall security interests and will take into account cost, threat, technological feasibility and effects on arms control. 7 This pointed out that nuclear proliferation is producing some bad effect to the U. S and also the world. Like Sagan said that not only nonproliferation is necessarily but also the powerful countries should reduce their nuclear weapons. China wants to be a world power on a par with the U. S. This country s strategic nuclear arsenal is 300 times as small as that of the U. S. The entire arsenal packs about as much explosive power as what the U. S. stuffs into one Trident submarine. The process began in the early 1990s, at the very top of the armed forces, when politicians pushed the military to streamline its command-and-control structure. 8 More than a year after U. N. rms inspectors left Iraq, the issue of whether Saddam Hussein has used the time to rebuild his weapons program is vexing U. S. policy makers and stirring debate on the campaign trail. The Security Council is struggling to forge a new policy that would allow the inspectors to return, but its members remain divided on the sanctions. It agreed to a series of short extensions of the oil-for-food program, w hich lets Iraq to bypass sanctions and sell oil to buy food and humanitarian goods. 9 If those powerful countries don t reduce the nuclear weapons, the other countries will not feel securely. It will produce a vicious circle. Obviously, the real international competitions are not like Waltz s thought. The more countries have nuclear power the more this world is in dangerous. After World War II ended in 1945, considerable support again developed for arms control and for alternatives to military conflict in international relations. The United Nations Charter was designed to permit a supranational agency to enforce peace, avoiding many of the weaknesses of the League of Nations covenant. After the carnage of World War I, the international climate was more receptive to the idea of arms control. During the years between the two world wars, many formal arms-control conferences were held and many treaties were drawn up. One of the most important agreements on arms control was the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty of 1968. Signatories pledged to restrict the development, deployment, and testing of nuclear weapons to ensure that weapons, materials, or technology would not be transferred outside the five countries that had nuclear weapons. Sagan idea obviously is the trunk stream, which the whole world have worked on it. Perhaps the most pressing nuclear problem since the ending of the cold war is that of nuclear proliferation. It has become increasingly difficult to prevent advanced Third World states from developing nuclear weapons if they desire them. Attempts to police the use of nuclear technologies and fuels through inspections and controls imposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency have been useful in slowing proliferation, but in the end nonproliferation is likely to rest on political judgments–for example, can a nation adequately protect its security without nuclear weapons? Will the political costs of acquiring them be prohibitive? 10 The difficult nonproliferation challenge in the future is not to ensure that the U. S. government and people are opposed to the further proliferation of nuclear weapons. In deed, it is not difficult to understand why a large nuclear state, with the most powerful conventional forces in the world, would want to limit severely the spread of nuclear weapons to other states in the international system. The real challenge is to create a future in which the government leaders, the organizations under them, and the citizens of nonnuclear states around the globe believe that it is in their interests to remain nonuclear states. 1 The awesome destructive power of nuclear weapons clearly increase the cost of war, and a statesman s awareness of this basic fact can be, in theory at least, a positive force for peace. But nuclear weapons are not controlled by states or statesmen; they are controlled by organization. These organizations, like all complex organization, will inevitably have biases and parochial interests, will by necessity develop routines and standardized procedures, and will occasionally make serious operational errors.